TV Drama

Lesson 1 

 Television : Industries & Audience 

 L/O - to research the history, companies & regulators in the television industry. 

• Publicly owned TV channel : Funded by the public service. That it is free to watch and that it is own to everyone. 
• Commercial TV channel : Funded through advertisements 
• Convergence : Process of joining different technologies into one device. E.g. Mobile phones 
• Watershed : Times when adult content (15+) can be shown. Between 9 pm and 5:30 am 
• Segmented market : Audience divided into different groups depending on taste and interests . That it is made and focused on a certain group people. 
• Mainstream : Mass audience; The ideas, attitudes or activities that are shared by most people and regarded as normal or conventional 
• Self-regulating : Not regulated by outside bodies. 
• Franchise : License from company of a product to use format / show ideas. 
• Channel-surfing : changing frequently from one program to another on a television, watching each one for only a short time. 
• PSB : Public service Broadcasting : Regulators demand channels fulfil certain requirements as part of their license to broadcast. 
• TV license : Any households or business watching, recording Live Broadcasts require to pay a license fee. Funds the BBC. This means that without this you cant watch certain things on the TV, for example thing that go live. 
• Scheduling : Deciding which shows to show at which time. This means certain film/ series go’s on the TV in there specific channels at a certain time. 
• Conglomerate : A company that owns several smaller businesses whose products or services are usually very different. 

 Research task 

 1. When was TV introduced to the UK? - September 1929 

 2. In 1965, how many channels were there in the UK and what were they 5 I think. 

      - Lost in space (1965 -1968) on CBS 

      - Green Acres (1965 - 1971) on CBS 

      - The big green valley (1965 - 1969) on ABC 

      - Gidget (1965 - 1966) on ABC 

      - I spy (1965 - 1968) 

 3. When did ITV start? Why was it different? -22 September 1955 

 4. Which UK channel have to follow PSB remits? 

    -Channel 3 services - channel 4 - channel 5 - S4C -The BBC 5. Who regulates TV now? - OFcom 

 6. Who regulates TV channels In the 1960s? - ....... 

 7. List the differences between TV in the 60s and now? 

 - You were only allowed to watch the networks on that were put on and that’s it 

 - There was only three channels avaliable; ABC, CBS and NBC. 

 TV in the 1960s - 

• Television in mid-1960s Britain was scarce. 
• Only three channels were available - BBC1, BBC2 and ITV - and one of those (BBC2) was not available on older television sets. 
• Televisions were expensive, small, unreliable , and black and white. 
• Was no broadcasting for large parts of the day and all TV channels closed down at night (playing the national anthem) 
• Home computing and any technology to record televisions in the home was the stuff of science fiction. 
• Channel surfing was impossible due to turning issues 
•  ITV started in 1955, designed to compete with the BBC’s monopoly over television broadcasting and to follow advertising on television for the first time . 
• ITV was regulated by the independent television authority (ITA). The BBC was self-regulating. 
• All UK Terrestrial channels have to follow the PSB remit, although it is stricter if a channel id publicly owned (BBC).

Lesson 2 

Television Industries : Ownership & Regulation  

L/O - to explore the ownership & regulation of BBC1 & ITV

 

Who regulates TV in the UK?

• OFcom regulates TV & radio broadcasting in the UK, setting standards for programmes that broadcasters have to follow .
• OFcom can fine broadcasters if their programmes breach (do not follow) their broadcasting code.
• They carry out reviews regularly to see that the terrestrial channel (BBC, ITV, C4 & C5) are fulfilling their particular PSB requirements.

Public Service Broadcasting

• In the UK the term ‘Public service Broadcasting’ refers to broadcasting which is intended for the public benefits rather than for purley commercial concerns (Just to make money)
• In the UK, the BBC is the main PSB channel and has a strict REMIT to follow.
• Other TERRESTRIAL channels have to follow a PSB remit but not as striktly as the BBC.

Remit : an area of responsibility or authority

Terrestrial : broadcasts using equipment on the ground rather than satellite.

 

PSB & The BBC

• OFcom regulates the BBC externally.
• Internally, the BBC is controlled by a broad of 12-14 members.
• The BBC is granted a license to broadcast by ROYAL CHARTER, which must be renewed every 11 years. The charter sets out the BBC’s public purposes.

Royal charter : something granted by the queen which guarantees independence and outlines the duties and purposes.

 

BBC ‘To inform, educate and entertain’

• The BBC has been a PSB channel since it was set up in 1922, Lord Reith outlind the PSB principles in 1925, stating that broadcasting should ‘inform, educate & entertain’, and that it should be free from commercial and government pressure.
• The definition of PSB has developed since then, but the BBC’s ETHOS is still based on these ideas today.

 

Ethos : a set of ideas, attitudes & values associated with a particular institution.

 

Task : Write down key points for each of the following areas :

    -  BBC’s mission, vision & values

      Mission (/ possible vision as well ) - is ‘to act in the public's interest , serving all audiences through the provisions of impartial, high-quality and distinctive output and services which inform, educate and entertain’.

        Values - Trust is the foundation of the BBC, er’re independent, impartial and honest. 

                      We put the audience at the heart of everything we do. 

                      We respect each other and celebrate our diversity. 

                      We take pride in delivering quality and value for money. 

                      Creativity is the lifeblood of our organistation. 

                      We’re one BBC, great things happen when we work together

Public purpose (BBC Charter)

     As they are funded by the public, The BBC has to meet the PSB Remit in terms of the Genre variety, audiences, representation & quality of the programmes they produce.

         - To provide impartial news and information to help people understand and engage with the world around them.

            - To support learning for people of all ages.

            - To show the most creative, highest quality and distinctive output and services.

            - To reflect, represent and serve the diverse communities of all the UK's nations and religions.

            - To reflect the UK, its culture and values to the world

The license Fee

    The BBC is funded by the annual license fee which pays for the BBC TV, radio, online content and for Developing new programmes. The government sets the level of the license fee.

    If you watch/ listen to any BBC programmes on ANY media platform, including tablets and smartphones, it is a criminal offence not to play the license fee. This also applies to watching BBC iplayer.

For	Against
- Independence from government - No commercial pressures - Don’t have to make a profit, so don't have to make popular formats - Can make more niche, quality programmes that appeals to a wide, diverse audience	- Outdated scheme (doesn’t match the way we consume TV now) - Should be pay-per-view subscription - Still have government influences as they set the level

 

History of the BBC -

Commercial channels 

• Funded through advertising
• ITV1, channel 4 and channel 5 are commercially funded channels which also have to fulfil some PSB requirements.
• e.g. Channel 4 has remit to deliver high-quality, innovative, alternative programmes that challenge accepted view and values.
• Channel 4 is commercially funded but publicly owned - this means that any profits made from advertising goes straight into new programmes and not to shareholders.
• Subscription - based channels (Sky, virgin, Netflix) have no PSB requirements

PSB Remits

• High Quality content - channel : BBC - programme : Blue Planet
• Innovative and challenging content - channel : Channel 4 - 24 hours in A and E
• Stimulating knowledge and learning - channel : BBC - programme : Blue planet.
• Informing the public - channel : BBC - programme : BBC news 
• Original, British - Made - BBC - East Enders
• Representing Diversity and Alternative Viewpoint - IT
• Distinctive Programming - BBC - our planet.

Commercial Channels - no guaranteed income therefore it is essential they are profitable 

They can generate income by:

• Subscription e.g. BT Vision, Sky sports/ Movies
• Pat per view e.g. Sky Box Office
• Sponsorship - many programmes often contain sponsor stings or sometimes 'thanks to' messages on the credits. Strands of programmes may also carry sponsorship e.g. ITV3 Afternoons.
• Advertising - companies pay for advertising slots based on programme rating. The more potential viewers, the higher the advertising slot (£250,000 for 30 seconds during BGT)
• Produce Placement - since 2011 this is allowed on British TV (not during news or children's TV) subjects to OFcom regulations (certain products are banned e.g. cigarettes). Companies pay to have their products shown in programmes.

ITV

   Our vision is to be 'More than TV' building upon ITV's unique and winning combination of creativity and commercial strength.

    

   By the 1950's many felt the 'BBC represented a high - culture snobbery that many leftist associated with an oppressive class structure'

    There was a 'desire for a playful commercial, anti - citizen address as a counter'.

    This came along in 1955 with ITV

     As a terrestrial broadcaster, it has a PSB remit to follow. ITV is a channel made up of ots of smaller companies. It is non-profit.

 

     Part of its PSB remit is to :

• Broadcast items of national importance.
• Produce a variety of programmes for a wide audience.
• Produce accessible content.

ITV 

•  6 channels : ITV, ITV2, ITV3, ITV4, C ITV, ITV BE.
• Strategy : 'Our vision is to be 'More than TV' building upon ITV's unique and winning combination of creativity and commercial strenght'
• Other platform : ITV Hub
• Other income : subscription video on demand services, competitions, live events, gaming, merchandise.
• Most popular Programmes : I'm a celebrity, BGT

Lesson 3 

TV Audience 

L/O - to explore how audienes consume TV dramas and the appeals

 

Target audiences

 Both BBC1 and ITV1 needs to be popular and appeal to mass audiences

BBC1 has to meet PSB remit and justify license fee.

ITV1 has to attract advertisers to fund channel.

 

Ways Audiences can Access TV programmes Today :

Subscription

Online

TV Licence (on the TV)
Live TV

 

Effects of Technology

• Despite being able to watch time-shifted programmes or stream TV, the majority of audience still watch live TV on a TV set. The PSB channels are still the most popular - 85% of people in the UK with a TV watch PSB channel.
• With this we can watch whatever TV when ever we want to. why do people still watch live TV?
• One reason for watching live TV is second screening which is sceenings that encourage audiences to join discussions on various social media during live TV shows.
• Another reason could be audience interactivity which is when viewers are encouraged to vote to determine the outcome. This continued engagement increases their commitment to the programme and loyalty to the channel.

 

Theory - The active audience

• This theory debates whether an audience is active or passive
• Passive audience - accepts and believes everything a media text tells them. They are easily influenced and don’t question any messages conveyed.
• Active audience - interacts with a media text and makes its own decisions about whether to accept and believe evrything, They question messages and may interpret meanings differently. 

Why would audiences now be more active than in the 1960s?

   -

Scheduling

• Scheduling is very important to BBC and ITV, competitve scheduling can benifit the main channels as it creates publicity
• For example BBC1’s Strictly come dancing results show was scheduled the same time as The X factor on ITV1.
• Peak viewing time is 6pm - 10;30pm
• Audience ratings are measured by the broacasters’ Audience research board (BARB)
• BBC got better audience rating for the last week according to BARB

 

Audience ratings - the number of viewers who watched a live TV programme.

 

The Watershed

• Overseen by OFCOM, the watershed is between 9 pm and 5:30 am.
• During these hours, broadcasts can show content that is not sutiable for children up to the age of 15. 18 rated content cannot be shown until after 10 pm.
• Unsutiable material includes sexual content, violence, graphics or disturbing imagert or language.

What i sthe difference between a TV Drama and a serial TV drama?

  -

 

 

 

 

Sub Genre

• Crime Drama - sherlock
• Period Drama - Bridgeton
• Teen Drama - Euphoria
• Medical Drama - Grey’s Anatomy
• Science-Fiction Drama - Stranger things
• Political Drama - Designated survivor
• Fantasy Drama - The Umbrella Academy.

 

Lesson 4  

L/O - research the social, historical and political context of the Advengers

 

Context

 In your exam, you will be graded on your knowledge of the social,cultural and historical factors that influenced the narrative, characters, props, sounds and themes of the popular 1960’s show The Advengers.

 

The swinging 60’s

 

1961:

• Berlin Wall is built, dividing East and West Germany
• The Advengers television series first screened on ITV
• Sunday telegraph newspaper first published
• Tottenham Hotspur win the football league First Division
• A taste of honey (film) was released

 

1962 :

• The sunday Times becomes the first newspaper to print a colour supplement
• The Beatles play their first session at Abby Road studios
• Live television broadcast from the US ro britian for the first time.
• The first James Bond film premiered at the London Pavilion.
• Jamaica becomes independent

 

1963 :

• The Beatles release their debut album
• The UK, US and Soviet union sign nuclear test ban treaty.
• Ford motor company begins
• First episode of Doctor Who is broadcasted.
• The Beatkes get a third number 1

1964 :

• The top of the Pop first airs on BBC TV
• BBC two begins scheduled broadcasting
• The Beatles’ first film is released
• Winston churchill retiresfrom the House of common at the age of 89.
• First portable televisions go on sale
• First match of the Day airs on BBC Two
• The sunday newspaper goes into circulation

 

1965 :

• Winston churchill dies
• The murder act suspends capital punishment for murder in England.
• Thunderbirds airs.

Lesson 5 

The Avengers (1965)

L/O - research the TV show the Avengers.

1) Which institution (Channel) produced the show?  - ITV

2) Who was the primary and secondary audience (age rating/gender/interests etc).  - Mainstream adult audience

3) When did the first episode air?  - 7th January 1961

4) How many seasons were made?  - 6 

5) What date/year was the last episode aired?   - 1969

6) What was the budget for Series 4?   - £56,000 per episode

8) The fourth series was different to the third due to a $2million deal with ABC. It was shot on film. What did this mean in terms of: locations, production values, editing, camerawork & sound?

   - 

9) Who were the stars of Series 4 Episode 1: The Town of No Return? Name the actors, include images and background information on them e.g. age, gender, previous roles. 

   -  Patrick Macnee -  Male |  93 years old  |  Previous Roles he had played are : Columbo = Captain Gibbon / Sherlock Holmes in New York = Dr. Watson n/ The New avengers = John Steed / Dead of Night = Dr. Gheria and many more ......

   -  Diana Rigg -  Female |  82 years old  | Previous Role she had played are : ????

   -  Patrick Newell -   Male  |  56 year old   | Previous Role he had played are : Was as ‘Mother’, the spymaster in the avengers / Previously appeared in two earlier avengers episodes = ‘The town of no return (Diana Rigg’s debut) / as well as a Minister of the Crown, In series five’s = something Nasty in the Nursery’.

   -  Alan MacNaughton -

   -  Terence Alexander -

   -  Robert Burnham -

   -  Juliet Harmer -

   -  Walter Hoesbrugh - 

   -  Roy Ward Baker - 

   -  Julian Wintle - 

   -  Brian Clemens - 

10) ITV was seen as the working class channel, compared to BBC’s middle class. How did The Avengers compare, in terms of the representation of rising youth culture, compared to the BBC’s flagship drama: The Forsyte Saga?

   - 

The Avengers & Scheduling

• How many channels were there in 1965?

 - There were only three channels (CBS, NBC, ABC) / only one TV per house

• What did that mean about audiences and channel loyalty?

 - That channel loyalty would be really high as there is only 3 pages, and the audiences would be able to talk to one another, as it would be were most people will be talking about it as there was only a small amount of shows that they could watch. So there would be many people that would be talking about it.

 --->The Avengers was scheduled on Saturdays at 9.05pm – peak time to attract a mass audience. 

 ---> The 4th series attracted audiences of around 7million and was often in the top ten ratings.

The Avengers & Competition 

Which channel was ITV’s main rival?
      - BBC was ITV’s main rival 

What made ITV financially secure?
       - ????????

What had happened that meant series four had an even bigger budget than normal?

      - The ABC network paid the then-unheard-of sum of $2 million for the first 26 episodes. The average budget for each episode was reportedly £56,000, which was high for the British industry. The fourth series aired in the US from March to the beginning of September 1966.

High Production Values 

• Because of the additional money from ABC, The show could afford much higher production values: more location shooting, all shot on film etc.
• Each episode had a budget of around £56,000. Today, that would be the equivalent of…  £928,000!!!

Lesson 6 - don't know where it is as it wasn't on showmyhomework, so i am unsure if it uploaded or not 

Lesson 7- don't know where it is as it wasn't on showmyhomework, so i am unsure if it uploaded or not 

Lesson 8 - don't know where it is as it wasn't on showmyhomework, so i am unsure if it uploaded or not 

Lesson 9 

Television in the 2010s

  L/O - research the 2010s (uk) in terms of social, cultural and political climate of the decade; research TV usage in 2015.

Research 2015.

• Cuffs was released in October 2015.
• What were the key events, in the UK and globally, that happened in 2015 that might influence a TV series set in present day UK?

Research 2015.

 1. Which political party was in power in 2015 ? 

  -  Conservative

  --> Who Was PM ? 

  -  David Cameron

 --> What was the relevance of UKIP being so popular ?

  -

 2. What were the major fears and issues of the post 9/11 era ?

  - Terrorism

   --> 3. What wars were being fought around the world ? 

  - I don't know what wars were being fought at this time.

   --> 4. What were people protesting about in the world ?

   - Human rights ???

------ 2015 ------

• There had been major shifts in attitudes and values since the 1960s : The Equality Act in 2010 meant any discrimination was illegal: Britain was far more MULTICULTURAL country: attitudes towards sexuality were far more accepting.

  --->   Key Events =

• Blackberry riots
• Brexit
• Trump election
• UKIP influence
• Asylum seekers/ refugees
• Hacking
• Financial crash or 2008
• Blair; May; Corbyn.

   --->  Threat of terrorism :

• Afganistan war
• Syrian War
• Isis 
• Terror attacks in UK
• Korean Nuclear Capability

Cultural Context =

   ---> Youth Culture :

• Social media
• I-Phone
• Drug Culture
• Knife Crime
• Rap Music
• Video game violence / obsession
• Streaming

   ---> Human Rights :

• Third wave feminism
• #Blacklivesmatter
• #Oscarssowhite
• Refugees and tolerance.

_____________________________________________________________________

Written task from your notes: 2015 Vs 1965

  Using the information you have found and your own knowledge of our culture today, explain the differences you would expect to see from a police drama in 2015 compared to one from 1965.

Consider :

  - Representations - sexuality, gender, religion, age, class

  - Threats / Issues

  - Potential storylines.

Lesson 10

Television Industry: 2010s

  L/O - to explore the TV Industry in 2010s and the effects on TV shows and audiences.

The TV Industry -

• How many channels are there available to watch FOR FREE on UK TV?

  - 80 Free channels to watch.

• What different ways are there to watch TV now?

  - Phone???

• What would make you want to watch a new Tv series?

  - The type of genre, like action, sy-fi and possibly a bit of horror.

• What different methods do producers uses to keep audiences interested in a show?

   - I am not sure ?????

Cuffs -

• What elements did the producers choose to include and why?

  -

• How have they represented police life?

  - By showing what the police go through with the stress of catching and getting to where they are needed on time. And how they don’t receive much support from some of the public. As well as, how they are sometimes in life or death situations.

• How have they represented personal dramas ?

  - A someone is so called sleeping with the ‘enemy ‘

• How have they used Media Language (editing, sound, MES, camerawork) to make it appeal to the target audience?

  - They uses the sounds as it attracts people who are looking for a action type film to watch as it sounds as if it would be placed in action films. The editing attracts people as it is smooth and doesn’t cut in places, as it is like it is a continues scene, even though it is in different places, it feels as it it is all happening in the same place as it fits well together.

Scheduling & cuffs -

Part of the winter schedule for 2015: aired October 2015, typically, a time aimed at wider family audiences. E.g. Apprentice & Strictly

Scheduling: broadcast 8pm on a weekday. Peak viewing time. 

Pre-watershed Cuffs targeted a broad family audience of 16-65, similar to that of Casualty & Waterloo Road.

Offered range of characters and storylines to appeal to as many segments of demographic as possible

Format/Appeal: Fits modern post 2010 populist series format – everyday relatable storylines with a consistent set of troubled characters with different issues.

Narrative: Weekday winter pre-watershed formats are intended to be engaging but not threatening to mainstream audience values. Storylines tend to be covered superficially and lack depth of darker post-watershed series like Luther or Sherlock.

Production & Cuffs

The BBC is expected to encourage competition for producing programmes, as part of its remit, so many programmes are produced by independent companies.

• What production Values would you expect from the BBC?

- Tiger Aspect productions has a long track record in both comedy and quality drama: Peaky Blinders, Benidorm, Ripper Street, Bad Education, Robin Hood, & Murphy’s Law. 

- Cuffs offered the possibility of reproducing the success of The Bill, a pre- watershed police drama that had been the mainstay of the ITV early evening schedules for many years. 

- Cuffs offered the same combination of a soap-opera style ensemble cast in a character-led narrative with a mix of humour and serious drama, in a similar mould to the BBC’s successful serial hospital dramas – Casualty and Holby City. 

Passive V Active Audiences -

1) Explain the difference (passive and active) and give examples

-The active voice emphasises the person or agent who performs an action, in short, the “actor.” 

- The passive voice emphasises the recipient of the action or sometimes the action itself.

2) Explain how the audiences for the Avengers and Cuffs would have been very different and why.

- Don't know as i was not able to watch the Avengers, sorry 

3) Why did the producers of Cuffs use the following to target a mainstream family audience:

• Comedy elements
• A range of multicultural characters
• Authentic locations
• Exciting police procedural scenes.

-

Lesson 11

Conventions of Police Drama

  L/O - to organise work on blogger

    - to explore the conventions of Police Drama

    - To analyse TV Drama using the Theoretical framework

Police Drama conventions -

• Narrative centred around a detective trying to solve a crime/ chasing a criminal - often a murder
• The Detective would lead the show, to find a way to solve the case.
• There will be an investigation taking place which involves clues and red herrings
• The criminals identity exposed at the end of the episode.
• Normally the protagonist detective has an assistant or 'sidekick' who helps them solve the crime - and possibly a team
• Normally set in police stations in a town or city
• Always a crime to be solved 
• Normally gruesome body is discovered
• Stereotypically male-oriented
• Murders, Robberies, Kidnapping
• Lead characters will often have a back story, that will weave their personal life into the narrative - could have a harsh upbringing or tragic backstory 
• Provide endless evidence.

Police Dramas -

• S.W.A.T
• Death in paradise 
• Hawaii- five O
• Chicago P.D
• Magnum P.I
• NCIS

S.W.A.T  -

• P.G 13 and had one of the biggest audience of young people ever for season 4.
• 
  

Death in paradise  -

Hawaii-Five O  -

Magnum P.I  -

NCIS  -

• The colour pallet, is mostly got a red and blue colour to it during the intro of the episode. Vibrant and dull pallet.
• The red and blue colour pallet, conveys a police drama as red and blue is normally accociated to police sirens and flashing lights
• It starts set of in a Police complex, with an open plan offices with 4 desks in a area toward the middle of the floor, it has two large TV's to put up information that has be gathered from the cases so far.
• People aged 12 + watch the show, as it gives insight to how the police and Navy operate .
• Is a police Drama
• It conveys a message that no matter what you do to hide a crime their is always mistakes and that you wont go free.
• It represents a community of people who like to watch dramas, and police shows, in one.
• Within the Department of the Navy, the Naval Criminal Investigative Service is the civilian federal law enforcement agency uniquely responsible for investigating felony crime, preventing terrorism and protecting secrets for the Navy and Marine Corps.
• Southern California - The setting for the TV series is the Washington DC area, but NCIS is filmed in southern California, on sets and on location. Many shooting locations are recognizable to observant viewers. This map has a long way to go before it starts to become comprehensive.

The work i did on it didn't save when i did it.

Media language -

Representations -

Audience -

Industry -

Social context -

Political context -

Historical context -

Cultural context -

Lesson 12 

Wednesday 17th March 2021

Cuffs : Series 1 , Episode 1 

 L/O - to analyse the narratives and characters constructed in an opening episode.

Main characters -

• PC Ryan Draper  - Experienced officer who takes his job very seriously
• PC Jake Vickers - New and Unexperienced officer, however son of the chief, the reason he got his job so soon. As well as, shocked about his work, and what his is expected to do. Doesn't know where he is, messed up on locations, to trap a robber escaping. Gay character 
• DS Jo Moffat - Hard working. Very serious about her Job, she wants to do the best to make things right.
• Chief Super Robert Vickers - Father to Jake Vickers, which means he will always recognise him as better than Ryan, which he is not.
• PC Lino Moretti -  Side character 
• PC Donna Prager - Side character 
• DI Felix Kane - 
• DC Carl Hawkins - 

Storylines : episodic and individual/ overarching -

• Introduces the character straight into the action and their day to day lives. Further on we are introduced to multiple storylines which different characters deal with to solve. This makes the show less boring as it keeps the audience interested in the show as it is not the same storyline all the time.
• Helps a man who cut himself, and taken him to a hospital. Then a little girl is taken from her school, and later reunited with her mother. A 22 year old indian man is assaulted, but a group of racist people, and is in a critical condition. As well as the assaulter was arrested. A ATM machine is robbed from a newspaper shop, and gets away. A body was found under a peer. 

Setting -

• Set in a urban seaside city/town
• Seems like the story is real.
• With the setting by the beach, the is more crimes to deal with as it is a well populated place. Where many people go especially in the summer when it is a tourist destination for British people all over the country 

Overall tone/ appeal - 

• Shows the grim reality of how people of different races are treated.
• Action filmed with different types of crimes from - kidnapping, to almost murder

Person identity (U&G)-

• Have a wide range of characters to identify with.
• May see characters such as Ryan Draper & Donna Prager as role models.
• May empathise with the difficult jobs of the police in the face of public indifference.
• May enjoy seeing gay characters as key protagonists who are not defined by their sexuality 
• Can explore/reinforce their own values through those celebrated by the programme: teamwork, comradeship, dedication to duty.

Information

• The social realism offers a sense of information the audience about police work and the criminal world.
• Social Realism - A style of drama that is grounded in the contemporary world in terms of setting, characters and social issues often portraying social justice 

Entertainment and Social Interaction -

Social interactions

• May feel that they are part of the team 
• May build a personal relationship with a character, forgiving weaknesses and admiring strengths - almost a substitute for real life interactions 
• May enjoy discussing episode; friends and co-workers would feel left out if not seen
• May use social media to comment on the programme (at the time, Twitter or Facebook were the most commonly used)

Entertainment

• Can escape into the fictional world of a police team
• Can take pleasure from seeing the characters in danger, solving conflict and facing challenges
• Can feel reassured by the hard work & dedication of the police team
• May enjoy seeing the police team's personal lives and the ways their jobs interfere with their relationships.
• May enjoy the humour, action & suspense

Lesson 13

Monday 22nd March 2021

Cuffs series 1 : Episode 1

  L/O - to annotate the narratives and characters constructed in the opening episode.

How the characters are represented:

• PC Ryan Draper  - Hardworking and has high morals. Is an experienced officer who takes his job very seriously and is very passionate about the job. This is seen when Jake makes a mistake when they are teamed to catch a runaway car, and after he is angry at Jake saying he doesn't know what he is doing which is true. Before they talk the criminal gets away, causing him to hit the wheel in frustration.
• PC Jake Vickers - Inexperienced and impulsive. Is an inexperienced however the son of the chief, the reason he got the job so young and without working hard, giving him no experience, on what to do. As well is shocked by they work he has to do based on the first place they had to go to help a man. Is a Gay character as a protagonist which is rare and something that you wouldn't see in a 60's show like the Avengers.
• DS Jo Moffat - Very serious about her job, she wants to do her best to make things right. She is in charge, strong, successful well respected and independent. She is passionate about catching a criminal through out the episode which she ends up catching which makes her resilient. Her weakness is the chief compared to her strong side. Other officers look up to her so she is inspiring. They listen to her , she is the boss and the police respect that. They go to catch the racist criminal without backup, desparate not to lose her chance to catch him.
• Chief Super Robert Vickers - Father to Jack which means he will always recognise him better than Ryan although he is not. Cold hearted favours his son, balances a lot of things, (family, affair, work) suggesting he is a strong character. He rarely shows emotion.
• PC Lino Moretti -  Side character. Experienced but has a laugh and jokes with Donna is equal partner. Comical, young side, likes the excitement, comedy relief character for audiences as they are dealing with serious things. A lot of meals during lunch break.
• PC Donna Prager - Side character , secure in her job, comical and confident, effective officer when she is running after someone. She is Lino's equal and almost better than Jo as we see her unhappy when they don't catch the runaway car, however tries to make things right with the other car they accidentally caught 
• DI Felix Kane -  Saves a little girl and is quiet about it, suggesting he is humble about his work, just does his job and stays quiet about it. Quite effective.
• DC Carl Hawkins - Quite hot-headed happy to run into a situation, hands-on, not aggressive but strong. Optimistic when he goes to catch the racist Criminal.

Post Viewing : Audience Appeals (U&G)

  Why might this programme have appealed to the audiences at the time?

Storyline - introduces the characters straight into the action and their day to day lives. Further on we are introduced to multiple storylines which different characters deal with to solve. This keeps the audience interested in the show and is not the same storyline all the time.

Setting - by the seaside somewhere like Brighton. Seems like the story is real. With the setting by the beach the is more crime to deal with as it is a well populated place where many people go especially in the summer when it is a tourist destination for British people all over the country 

Overall Tone/Appeal - action filled with different types of crime.

Think about the Uses & Gratifications theory of Blumler & Katz :

• Personal Identity
• Information
• Entertainment 
• Social Interaction.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Need to get a screenshot of the Personal Identity (U&G) page .

    And write notes for the task about it 

Need to get a screenshot of the Information (U&G) page . 

Need to get a screenshot of the Entertainment (U&G) page .

Need to get a screenshot of the Social Interaction (U&G) page .

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Social Realism - style of drama that is grounded in the contemporary world in terms of setting. characters and social issues often portraying social injustice.

Audience Appeal

  On your blog under the headings below, write how these areas attract the audience.  

   Consider :

Genre -

• 
  

Camerawork & Editing -

• 
  

Mise-en-scene -

• 
  

Characters -

• 
  

Lesson 14

Wednesday 24th March 2021

Cuffs & Social Contexts

  L/O - to analyses representations and influences of social & cultural Context in Cuffs

How was a stereotypical English seaside town represented in episode 1?

Consider :

• Characters - Ryan is presented as week when trying to deal with the situation. Chief Super Robert Vickers is speaking over as the action happens.
• Props - Costume the group wear causes a fight on the beach. Nudist Beach sign.
• Character interaction - Bad interaction between Ryan and the public because of the lack of respect. While we hear the chief talking about the law, order and expectations the police brings we see the complete opposite with Ryan at the beach outnumbered and out of control. The stag do mock Ryan showing no respect until they punch him and run.
• Dialogue - Police radio heard in the background.
• Stereotypes - the public not respecting the police. Stereotypical stag do. Chief is talking seriously senior police officer who is the face of the respected police as he say but they are actually not respected as shown in the Parallel of Ryan at the beach. Young characters in the scene which is stereotypical for the stag to do automatically go there. It is also a very sunny day.

Use a aerial wide established shot zoomed in to the set location.

Gender -

Strong roles for women reflects gender equality - shown through characters Jo and Donna

A change in attitude towards masculinity. Different male roles presented in a positive light.

 - Show through DI Felix Kane - quiet, approachable, reserved.

Traditional 'masculine' and 'feminine' qualities no longer reserved for particular genders. - DS Jo Moffat gets involved with the house raid breaking these stereotypical qualities.

How are the women represented?

DS Jo Moffat -

PC Donna Prager -

How are men represented ?

Chief Superintendent Vickers -

PC Jake Vickers -

PC Lino Moretti -

Robert Vickers - Stereotypical - authoritative patriarchal

Jake Vickers - anti-stereotypical - naive, strong, confident, emotional

Lion Moretti - Stereotypical - comical, always eating, confrontational

Felix Kane - anti-stereotypical - quiet, humble, calm, sensitive.

Carl Hawkins - Stereotypical - goes in with the raid, aggressive, confrontational

Ryan Draper - anti-stereotypical - single parent, emotional when angry with Jake, determined, focus, caring.

Sexuality -

Visibility of LGTBQ+ characters increased and accepted representational. - Jake and the solicitor. Responsible and successful, secondary to their jobs in their sexuality

Jake Vickers' character challenges the Stereotype of homosexuality being an issue or problem

Multiculturalism -

Positive view of multiculturalism reflects 2015 attitudes - family boy who has moved to the UK university.

Differences in ethnicity are accepted - yes by the police and main characters as from varied ethnic backgrounds

Racism still exists around Britain - racist groups attack a shop and kill a boy

Racist group represented very negatively - Uneducated, white WC, drink and drugs

Lesson 15

Wednesday 31st March 2021

The Avengers: The town of No Return

  L/O - to explore the narrative, characters and appeal of Series 4, Episode 1.

Couldn't do this as i haven't watched the episode as i don't have it.

Some of the work i had saved on this from the last 3 lessons had been deleted if there is anything missing it is because of that .

Lesson 16 

Monday 19th April 2021

Analysing an Extract 

  L/O - to analyses the use of media language on a TV drama Extract.

Key terminology to know:

CameraWork -

• Establishing shots - Long shot at the start of a scene establishing location and tone 
• Low angle - Looking up at the subject 
• High angle - looking down on the subject
• Canted angle - camera tilted to one side to create diagonals
• Aerial shots - Birds eye view from above the subject
• Camera movement: tracking- Camera moves towards, away from or sideways alongside the subject
• Steadicam - Smooth hand-held camera movement, may flow around a scene
• Crane shots - Camera rises into the air, descends or swoops across a scene
• Hand-held camera - Often create juddering, urgent camerawork like a documentary 
• Point-of-view shots - Camera sees what a character sees, not over-the-shoulder shots
• Shallow focus and focus pulls - Shallow focus means that one part of the shot is in focus and another isn't; a focus pull will change which part of the shot is focused 

Editing -

• Shot/ reverse shot - A cut between two characters showing both sides of an action including two characters, e.g. cutting from an over-the-shoulder shot of one character talking to an over-the-shoulder shot of the other character replying, reacting or listening
• Juxtaposition - Creating extra meaning by placing one image next to another
• Non-continuity editing - e.g. deliberate jump cuts, where the subject jumps position in the frame in cutting from one shot to the next, usually due to the two shots being from the same angle
• Crosscutting - ‘parallel action’ – cutting from one action in one location to another action in another location
• Fast-paced editing - short shots edited together rapidly
• Transitions: dissolve, Wipe, Fade
• Post-production effects - visual effects added after filming

Soundtrack -

• Music
• Diegetic / non-diegetic sound - sound from within/from outside the fictional world; characters can ‘hear’ diegetic sound
• Sound effects - e.g. Foley effects added after filming – footsteps, weather sounds, gun shots, car engines and so on
• Sound Bridge - where sound effects, music or recordings of ambient sound from one scene continue to the following one even though there is a cut to a different location; also used when the sound from the next scene is heard before we see the scene
• Voiceover
• Parallel sound - Sound that complements the image track. Sound & image seem to reflect each other
• Contrapuntal sound - Sound that does not complement or fit with the image track.

Mise en scene -

• High key and Low-Key lighting - low-key, or chiaroscuro, lighting creates dark shadows and extremes of light and shade
• Location / set 
• Costume and make-up
• Props
• Casting and performance style - the significance of casting may be explored by mentally replacing the actor with a different one; the performance style should be naturalistic in realistic dramas, for example
• Blocking ( the composition of elements within the shot ) - the composition of elements within the shot, especially the actors

How has sound been used to create meaning?

• Ambient sounds of seagulls, waves and beach scene match location and emphasises setting.
• Music fades to highlight the dialogue between characters. 
• Non-diegetic sounds that build tension and mystery to the setting. 
• Positive theme music/tune in the title credit is upbeat, and modern but has a mysterious and serious tone to suggest a younger, dynamic tone and pace of the audience and the storylines will be dynamic and different fast pace.
• Non-diegetic sounds used to create mystery.
• Dialogue of speech used to juxtapose the actions and images shown as the character emerges from the sea in a waterproof bag and exists in a suit and shoes. An impossible situation is emphasised by the fact that this is not addressed by the characters dialogue and normal conversation about the weather and directions. This highlights the lighthearted element that the episode will take. 
• Key diegetic sounds from the beach scene are highlighted to add realism and comedy; putting up the umbrella, cutting the rope, walking on the sand.

Sound has been used to create meaning in the Avengers extract. They do this by using Non-diegetic sounds, in the opening scene in the beach. The uses of non-diegetic sounds helps to create a tension and mystery to the setting, with the use on ambient sounds of seagulls, waves to show and make the beach location more emphasised, with the juxtaposition. Making it seem as a peaceful and calm place as their is no loud sounds and a non-populated area, as it is only heard of two people. The diegetic sounds from the beach give a feeling of realism and comedy, with the fact that the man came out of the sea in a waterproof bag to only put up the umbrella when it looks like it is going to rain. As well as when the rope is cut, and with the walking of on the sand. Using these sounds gives a sense of mystery and a serious tone to the side of the comedy. 

As well as, sound has been used to create meaning in the Avengers extract. This is show through the use of parallel sounds. The upbeat theme music at the start gives a modern but mysterious side to it, with a serious tone, to give the suggestion of a younger, dynamic tone and pace of the audience that would pick up pace as the storyline progresses.  The music fades, highlight the dialogue between the characters, as well as the ironic situation. Giving a sense of seriousness, as it seems as if the dialogue is of more importance even though it is only asking for directions and what the weather looks like it is going to rain. 

With this we see, how sound has been used to create meaning in the Avengers extract. As their is a sense of a lighthearted element, as he asks about the direction and the weather. And the feeling of realism and comedy, with the sounds of walking on sand and the putting up the umbrella. This gives the episode a feeling of mystery as they didn't bother talking about how he came out of the water, as if it didn't happen in the first place. 

Wednesday 21st April 2021

How to structure a answer 

Opening sentence : 'Sound has been used in the extract to create meaning, the first example of this is...

Theme music in the title credit is upbeat and modern but has a serious mysterious tone. The use of sound suggests that the episode will be aimed at a younger dynamic audience, through the use of fast paced and tone in the theme music. 

Parallel sounds - both the image and the music reflects the tone of the episode

Context - Reflects the younger generation, their individuality increase in choices

In the 1960s we would expect the younger and older generations to come together to watch the episode. That means that the Theme music is used to help attract a Younger audience

___________________________________________________________________________________

' Dialogue of speech used to juxtapose the action and images being shown as the character emerges from the sea in a waterproof bag and exits in a suit and shoes. This impossible situation is emphasised by the fact that it is not addressed by the characters dialogue and normal conversation about the weather and directions. This highlights the lighthearted element that the episode will take' 

Sound has been used in the extract to create meaning, an example of this is is Dialogue of speech to juxtapose the actions and image of the man coming out of the sea in a waterproof bag, that exists in a suit and smart shoes. This impossible situation get emphasised by the fact it is not addressed. Showing a lighthearted element in the episode. Contrapuntal sound this is show as the Sound that does not complement or fit with the image track. As the Dialogue is of a complete different topic than of the character rising out of the sea in a waterproof bag. This reflects absurd and lighthearted effect that it has to completely ignore that fact as the character just asks 'directions to little baisley'. In the 1960s we would expect the younger and older generations to come together to watch the episode. This means that the dialogue of speech is used to help attract a Younger audience, as it is funny and lighthearted, instead of scary. This makes the younger audience more attracted as even though it is a spy, drama it is not just scary and them trying to be secretive, as they can have a few laughs with some of the things they say and things that they ignore ( which you would expect them to talk about). Giving it a sense of having a humorous side then just spies and drama. 

Lesson 17 

Wednesday 21st April 2021

Watch the scene and explain how social contexts influence television programmes. Refer to The Avengers from 1965 to support your answer (10).

( Cold war, Threat of nuclear war, Threat of foreign invasion, Espionage) 

3-4 Paragraphs. 

• Talk about taking over the country - full scale invasions bit by bit - wipe out the population and replace it - talk about taking over the village until they take it all over. 
• Airport built in war with an underground shelter -
• Threat of foreign invasion in the episode - the bad people - secretly hiding underground - trying to take over one town as they expand.
• They are spies - with the music used building up as they were walking around/through the tunnel - until they were caught and had to fight, music begins to build up more and more to make it more intense. 
• Emma peel Fighting with a shaky camera shows she is powerful.  
• Two people stop the invasion - humorous with the hard hat joke.

In the Avengers extract we see the social impact of the Cold war. This can be seen when Steed and Peel were talking in a classroom, about how to take over a country. And trying to solve they mystery of the town that they are in. In this scene they are talking about how they would take over the country

, also with talking about the secret organisation. Through out the scene we can see there spy skills as they are evading being captured and gaining more knowledge of the mystery as the episode goes along. This gives the episode a sense of mystery. This can be emphasised through the use of non-diegetic sounds, this is seen when they are sneaking around the tunnels it begins to build up making more tension as they more further in. 

Lesson ...

Wednesday 28th April 2021

Context - The avengers : The Town of no return 

  L/O - To analyses representations and influence of social & cultural context in series 4, episode 1.

How was Gender represented in Episode 1?

Characters - 

• Steed is represented as a typical english gentleman.
• Peel is represented as a strong independent women 

Setting -

• In Little Bazley.

Props -

• Steel is wearing a bowl hat ( a typical english gentleman clothing) Which also doubles as a very good weapon.
• 
  

Character interaction - 

• The male side characters who are from Little Bazley are represented as strong and intimidating.
• The fisherman seems un interested in Steels appearance and arrival.

Dialogue -

• Both male and female characters fight against the bad guys.

Stereotypes -

• Peel is not a stereotypical female for the 1960s.
• Where as steed is a stereotypical english male gentleman 

___________________________________________________________________________________

Consider -

• Media language - camera, sound, mise-en-scene, editing.
• Representation - how it is presented.
• Audience - how does it attract? Who are they?
• Industries - Who makes this? When is it on?
• Context - What is it like at the time?

1960s values & attitudes (What could you look out for?)

• Female roles and inequality
• Class structure
• Changing views on sexuality
• British manner/ traditions
• Attitudes to outsiders/ foreigners
• Patriarchal society 
• Stereotypical ideas of rural life

Changing attitudes : Gender 

A new breed of tough, intelligent women

  - Seen through Mrs Peel - Explaining to steed in the school as she solves the problem, tough in the bunker as she fights back, not screaming and needing to be saved. Defends herself.

Women as sex objects

 - Seen through Mrs Peel - In the beginning with steed as they are fencing Peel is wearing a cat suit.

Ideological tension about gender role in 1965 

  - Seen through ......

Anti-stereotype

 - When Emma Peel overpowers steed in the fencing match.

 - When she fights back and when she solves the problem and is explaining it to steed in the classroom.

 - Peel is an anti-stereotype

Definition -  Someone who goes against other peoples opinion of what women were expected to be.

Reactionary stereotype 

 -  Emma Peel is ordered by steed to leave immediately for a mission without warning 

 - Peel is an Reactionary stereotype.

Definition - When someone falls into what other peoples opinions of what women are expected to be.

Emma peel is a combination of both of these to appeal more to the audiences and so that the people are not scared of her because she is a stereotype but also combines anti-stereotypes marking her non-threatening as its ahead of its time, trying to make change. Being Mrs Peel, makes it more presentable for the audiences as she is married. 

How was media Language used to show the attitudes and values towards Gender in the 1960s?

Camerawork - 

• specifically shows Mrs Peel in the doorbell ( Close- up) , follows steed and peel around the room as they are fencing shows peel in the catsuit.
• Mid-shots of peel and steed
• use of a steady cam when they are fencing.

Mise-en-scene -

• They are rehearsed in fencing around the room when peel is overpowered him but steed wins through cheating 
• Peel is wearing a tight leather catsuit ( revealing, sexualised, 1960s trend), On the train is wearing a stereotypical women attire that is not sexualising. Makes Mrs peel more appeasable. shows two sides of Peel as she is sexualised in the catsuit but is is also wears not sexualising stereotypical clothing.
• Steed is pouring the drinks, instead of Mrs peel changing stereotypical to anti-stereotypical. Offers a pastry to peel but she refuses.

Editing -

• Cuts them of into the train, wear peel is wearing stereotypical clothes and so is steel.

Sound - 

• Positive musics plays in the background, tells us the flirty interaction between steed and peel. Non- diegetic

Media Language - Inequality is female - Peel in a catsuit overpowers steed in fencing match shows woman's increasing power in society and respect. 

Industries -  Post watershed undercurrents of sexual references, high budget, she was paid less than the cameraman.

Audiences - Humorous British manners/traditions

Context - Attitudes of foreigners relevant for the time.

Representations - Patriarchal society - steed plays the male hero, peel in her catsuit is objectified as a women.

How was gender represented in The Avengers to reflect the attitudes and values of the 1960s?

In the avengers gender is represented to reflect the attitudes and values of the 1960s by the uses of Anti-stereotypes and Stereotypes. Women are represented as Strong and intelligent as well as independent this is shown through Mrs peel, this goes against the stereotypes of the time, is shown when she breaks standard stereotypical behaviour, this is seen when Peel and Steed is fencing in the room, Peel begins to overpower Steed showing that woman's increasing power in society and respect. She seems to represents the younger generation, as she combines the use of stereotypes and anti-stereotypes. We can also see this when she is fighting the bad guys, down in the bunker, breaks stereotypes, as she isn't screaming for help and need saving as she was able to take them down by herself. She is intelligent, strong and independent as she solves the problem that is happening and explains to Steed in the classroom about it. However Mrs Peel is also shown as an sex object when when was in the catsuit, which sexualises women this fits into stereotypes. As women are expected to be sexualised and be weak and not independent. Women are seen to follow orders of what a man tells them, this follows and fits into stereotypes. This is seen when Steed orders Peel to leave immediately for a mission without warning, which Peel follows, as steed is seen as the senior/leader. Steed is a stereotypical english male gentleman, as he is shown as strong when he wins against peel in the fencing match, even though he cheated. Also he is dressed in stereotypical clothing. But he breaks stereotypes, when he offers peel a cup of tea and offers a pastry of some kind, which the women role is suppose to do to follow stereotype. Steed is shown as powerful and in charge, when her orders Peel to leave for a mission. This shows that men are more in charge than women, as peel follows steeds orders without complaining

Further more gender is represented in the avengers to reflect the attitudes and values of the 1960s through the uses of Mise-en-scene. Peel is shown to be wearing both sexualised and non-sexualised clothing. When Peel is wearing the catsuit she is reavling and sexualised which fits into 1960s trends for 

Lesson ...

Wednesday 5th May 2021

Exam Preparation

 L/O - to review the exam format and possible question types

 TV unit - Paper 1 : Television and promoting Media 

Question 1) Media Language (5)

• 5 marks ( 5 Minutes)
• At least two examples 
• Could be - Sound , Editing , Camerawork , Mise-en-scene. 
• Example question : How has sound been used to create meaning?
• Things to think about - How were you made to feel at different points in the scene?
• How did the sound Techniques create these different feelings and atmosphere?

Cuffs - Clip notes 

• Giggles and laughs to brighten the mood (music in the background at the cafe)
• Background chatter 
• Car pulling up, with giggles coming from people around it 
• Smashing glass and intense music to create a more intense scene.
• Scared and shocked voices trying to call for help
• Criminals screaming to leave 
• Police radio to increase the suspense of the chase.
• Police sirens going on it the background to suggest the chases is still on, throughout the traffic.
• A calm warm atmosphere in the canteen - talking about their day, while having laughs. ( dialogue, friendly conversations, background noise of people talking and equipment moving to help create the scene, Quiet and calming atmosphere)
• A intense car chase - Police sirens in the background to initiate the chase, shouting and non- diegetic sounds/ music and a tractor crashes into the newsagent creating  
• Tension and drama happens in the 2 part where the robbery takes place, where people are scared and screaming for help. With a man threatening a young police women to not call in the number plate  
• Tension and excitement happens in the last part when the police chase was on, making it more breathtaking. 

Question 2) Media Language & representation

• 10 Marks (10 Minutes)
• 3 examples needed 
• Example question : Analyses how far the extract from Cuffs depict the police's point of view rather than the criminal's point of view? 
• Things to do - Who do the viewers spend most of the time with?
• Who does the director want us to feel sympathy for?
• How has the extract done this? (what techniques have been used?)

Notes -

• We are place with the police for the majority of the time - showing their point of view.
• In the canteen scene, close ups and medium close ups are used to show the facial expressions and feelings of the officers.
• The extract cross-cuts to the shopping precinct and the conversation between the two female officers.
• During the chase, the viewers is placed inside the police car - the criminals are seen from the perspective of the chasing police cars.
• The costumes of the criminals appear stereotypical and don't reveal their identities
• Sinister, non-diegetic music begins only when b the criminals arrive.

Question 3) Long essay based question

• 15 marks (15 minutes)
• 3 examples needed.
• Use accurate terminology.
• Example question - How far does the extract try to create a sense that it is portraying 'real life'?

Notes -

• Mise-en-scene =
• Officers dressed in recognisable police uniforms
• Naturalistic locations and lighting.
• Police officers in pursuit of criminals
• Dialogue makes a sense of realism as they talk about evert day things, and pull each others leg (every day things).
• Sounds of seagulls, crying child car sounds. 
• People just standing around talking in a shopping area, make a normal town precinct area with mise-en-scene.
• Has a bit of unrealism as a fork lift goes into a shop, then a scene where it is looking in black and white footage from the CCTV cameras in the newsagent
• Goes back to the police back in the canteen, just as they call in the crime, to link the people.
• Cross-cutting between cafe and action scene, parallel narratives and it shows their ordinary complex lives
• Camera is in the back of the police car as they are driving to where the crime in taking place
• The criminal is wherein a balaclava, with a weapon threatening the cop. Exaggerated stereotype
• Birds eye view / arial shot to give a sense of the chase and location giving it more context, making it seem more realistic
• The sounds of police sirens, traffic, wheels squeaking, Uses sounds associated to police chases, with radio.
• Police, criminals and general people stereotypes.

Question 4) TV industry & Audience

• 5 Marks (5 Minutes)
• Specific examples.
• Scheduling , Regulation , PSB , Technology , Audience appeals (U&G)
• Example question - Describe what it meant by public service Broadcasting (PSB). Use the BBC as an example in your answer.
• Think about - What would you include?
• What facts could you support your answer with?
• How many points do you think you need to make?

Notes - 

• Paid for by people, Tv licence
• BBC no adverts, ITV plays by advertisement
• BBC is needed to - Inform, Entertain, Educate 

Question 5) Context

• 10 Marks (10 minutes) 
• Social, political or historical context of either programmes.
• Influence of social context
• Influence of political context
• Differences between 1965 and 2015
• Effects of context on programme
• Example question - Explain how social contexts influence television programmes. Refer to The Avengers from 1965 to support your answer. 

Notes -

• Talk about men being in control
• how the society was like, the role of women and families.
• Detailed description or an effective description of a number of social contexts with an explanation or an sophisticated of its influence and a lot of examples.
• Most characters are male, 
• Mrs peel, (how she is unusual married ?? ( intelligent, strong, independent women))
• Change in times with Mrs peel being one of them. 
• Steed is an stereotype man in the 1965. 

1965 info ( how it was and what happened in avengers )